Abbreviations: IM, intramuscular; LD, loading does; MHD, 10-monohydroxy-derivative; PO, orally; VPA, valproic acid.

Data from Patsalos et al, Halford and Lapointe, Cada et al, Sabril [package insert], Onfi [package insert], and Potiga [package insert].

Reproduced with permission from Rogers SJ, Cavazos JE. Rogers S.J., Cavazos J.E. Epilepsy. In: DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey L. DiPiro J.T., Talbert R.L., Yee G.C., Matzke G.R., Wells B.G., Posey L eds. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach, 9e. New York: