Index
Bacterial Infections
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae type b
- Group B Streptococcus (neonates)
- Escherichia coli (neonates)
- Listeria monocytogenes
Brain Abscess
- Streptococcus species (e.g., Streptococcus milleri)
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Anaerobes (e.g., Bacteroides, Fusobacterium)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculous Meningitis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Neuroborreliosis
- Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
Neurosyphilis
- Treponema pallidum
Listeriosis
- Listeria monocytogenes
Other Bacterial Infections
- Rickettsia species (Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
- Brucella species (Brucellosis)
- Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch disease with CNS involvement)
Viral Infections
Viral Meningitis
- Enteroviruses (e.g., Coxsackievirus, Echovirus)
- Mumps virus
- Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)
Viral Encephalitis
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
- Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Enteroviruses
- Arboviruses (e.g., West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Zika virus)
- Rabies virus
Congenital Viral Infections
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Rubella virus
- Zika virus
- Herpes simplex virus (neonatal HSV)
Progressive Viral Infections
- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) – Measles virus
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) – JC virus
Fungal Infections
Chronic Meningitis
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Coccidioides immitis
- Histoplasma capsulatum
Brain Abscess
- Candida species
- Aspergillus species
- Zygomycetes (e.g., Rhizopus, Mucor)
Other Fungal Infections
- Blastomyces dermatitidis
- Sporothrix schenckii
Parasitic Infections
Protozoal Infections
- Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis)
- Plasmodium falciparum (cerebral malaria)
- Naegleria fowleri (primary amoebic meningoencephalitis)
- Acanthamoeba species (granulomatous amoebic encephalitis)
Helminthic Infections
- Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis)
- Schistosoma species
- Echinococcus species (hydatid disease)
- Angiostrongylus cantonensis (eosinophilic meningitis)
Prion Diseases
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
- Fatal familial insomnia
- Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome
- Kuru
Mixed or Undetermined Etiology
- Post-infectious encephalitis (e.g., acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, ADEM)
- Infectious-triggered autoimmune encephalitis (e.g., anti-NMDAR encephalitis following viral infections)
