Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors Based on WHO Classification

• A. Gliomas (Neuroepithelial Tissue Tumors)

  1. Astrocytic Tumors
     • Pilocytic Astrocytoma (WHO Grade I)
     • Diffuse Astrocytoma (WHO Grade II)
     • Anaplastic Astrocytoma (WHO Grade III)
     • Glioblastoma (WHO Grade IV)
     • Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma (SEGA)
  2. Oligodendroglial Tumors
     • Oligodendroglioma
     • Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma
  3. Ependymal Tumors
     • Myxopapillary Ependymoma
     • Ependymoma
     • Anaplastic Ependymoma
     • RELA Fusion-Positive Ependymoma
  4. Diffuse Midline Glioma (H3 K27-Altered)
     • Includes pontine and thalamic gliomas

• B. Embryonal Tumors

  1. Medulloblastoma
     • Classic Medulloblastoma
     • WNT-Activated
     • SHH-Activated
     • Non-WNT/Non-SHH
  2. Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT)
  3. Embryonal Tumors with Multilayered Rosettes (ETMR)
  4. CNS Neuroblastoma and Ganglioneuroblastoma

• C. Choroid Plexus Tumors

  1. Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade I)
  2. Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma (WHO Grade II)
  3. Choroid Plexus Carcinoma (WHO Grade III)

• D. Neuronal and Mixed Neuronal-Glial Tumors

  1. Ganglioglioma
  2. Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (DNET)
  3. Central Neurocytoma

Tumors of the Sellar Region

• Craniopharyngioma (Adamantinomatous and Papillary Types)
• Pituitary Adenomas
• Hypothalamic Hamartoma

Germ Cell Tumors

• Germinoma
• Teratoma (Mature and Immature)
• Yolk Sac Tumor
• Choriocarcinoma
• Mixed Germ Cell Tumors

Mesenchymal Non-Meningothelial Tumors

• Hemangioblastoma
• Chordoma
• Sarcomas (e.g., Rhabdomyosarcoma)

Tumors of Meninges

• Meningioma
• Hemangiopericytoma
• Solitary Fibrous Tumor

Lymphomas and Hematopoietic Neoplasms

• Primary CNS Lymphoma (Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma)
• Histiocytic Tumors (e.g., Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis)

Tumors of Cranial and Paraspinal Nerves

• Schwannoma
• Neurofibroma
• Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (MPNST)

Metastatic Tumors

• Secondary tumors from leukemia, lymphoma, or systemic malignancies (e.g., neuroblastoma, sarcomas).

Other Unclassified CNS Tumors

• Gliomatosis Cerebri (Previously Classified; now included under diffuse gliomas)
• Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor
• Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor

Rare and Emerging Tumor Types

• Desmoplastic Infantile Ganglioglioma (DIG)
• Papillary Tumor of the Pineal Region (PTPR)
• Pineoblastoma and Pineocytoma

Tumors by Anatomic Location

• Supratentorial Tumors
  • Ependymoma
  • Glioblastoma
  • Craniopharyngioma
  • Germ Cell Tumors
• Infratentorial Tumors
  • Medulloblastoma
  • Brainstem Gliomas
  • Pilocytic Astrocytoma
• Spinal Tumors
  • Ependymoma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors (PNET)