Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Fetal Development

  • Maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts fetal development due to maternal hyperglycemia, which adversely affects organ formation and function.
  • Diabetes during pregnancy occurs in two forms:
    • Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 or 2): Present before conception; risk of hyperglycemia during early fetal development.
    • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Develops usually in the third trimester, post-major organogenesis.

    Impact of Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus

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