Introduction

Beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA). It was first described by Haack et al. in 2012, initially termed static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood (SENDA) . BPAN is characterized by static psychomotor retardation in childhood followed by progressive deterioration in adolescence or young adulthood, featuring progressive dystonia, parkinsonism, and dementia. Pathogenic mutations in the WDR45 gene are responsible for BPAN, which constitutes about 7% of NBIA disorders .