Plagiocephaly in Infants
Overview
- Definition: Plagiocephaly, often referred to as "flat head syndrome," is characterized by an asymmetrical cranial deformation. It includes positional (deformational) plagiocephaly and craniosynostosis.
- Incidence: Positional plagiocephaly is more prevalent, particularly since the "Back to Sleep" campaign for SIDS prevention. Craniosynostosis is less common but clinically significant due to potential neurodevelopmental implications.
Positional Plagiocephaly
- Etiology: Results from prolonged external pressure on one area of the skull, typically due to consistent positioning. This is exacerbated by factors such as:
- Supine Sleeping Position: Despite its efficacy in SIDS prevention, it increases the risk of positional flattening.
- Reduced Tummy Time: Limited prone positioning while awake, essential for alleviating cranial pressure and promoting cervical strength.
- Prematurity: Increased vulnerability due to prolonged NICU stays and a softer calvarium.
- Multiple Gestations: Intrauterine constraints leading to positional molding.
- Torticollis: Congenital muscular torticollis causing unilateral head preference.
Craniosynostosis