Causes: Often linked to structural brain anomalies such as perisylvian or perirolandic polymicrogyria, cerebellar anomalies, Joubert syndrome, and brainstem dysgenesis.
Differential Diagnosis: Childhood apraxia of speech and conditions like Worster-Drought syndrome, characterized by severe and persistent bulbar dysfunction, poor speech prognosis, and associated imaging abnormalities.
Additional Risks: High risk of epilepsy, regression, and severe speech impairments in children with these syndromes.
