Aphasia/Dysphasia
- Acquired disruption of language function (expressive or receptive/mixed).
- Can be fluent or non-fluent.
- Causes:
- Brain trauma, stroke, cerebral infections (e.g., herpes simplex encephalitis), neoplasms, and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Niemann-Pick disease, adrenoleukodystrophy).
Auditory Agnosia
- Difficulty interpreting auditory inputs (speech, environmental sounds).
- Often linked to Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) and other epileptic encephalopathies.
- Can stem from bilateral dysfunction of primary auditory cortical areas.
Clinical Features